Since the towers are at ground potential. XL (inductive Reactance) and XC (capacitive Reactance) are vector quantities and are always in phase opposition to each other, hence they will tend to cancel. A step down transformer steps down the voltage or decreases the voltage. Two principal advantages are claimed for this arrangement. However when a lightning strikes it has very high current, and only this high current can cross the region of high resistance, thus diverting the strike away.
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A tapping is generally taken from the line to feed to the transformer to reduce the voltage to the desired level. g. It is easy to see that each bus-section behaves as a separate bus-bar.
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Busbar are the important components in a sub-station. 8 shows the schematic connections of a terminal sub-station. The ground terminal is connected through path of low resistance to ground.
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Forgot email?Not your computer? Use a private browsing window to sign in. Fig. Transmission Substation
Transmission of electricity refers to transportation more helpful hints electricity over large distances of more than 100-1000 km. Terminal sub-station: A terminal sub-station is one in which the line supplying to the substation terminates or ends.
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If line voltage is 66kV, then voltage across the secondary will be 110 V. Each 11 kV outgoing line is connected to one section through transformer (33/11 kV) and circuit breaker. The heaviest duty circuit breaker has to interrupt a short-circuit current of more than 100 kADuring transmission and distribution of electricity one needs to increase or decrease its voltage to ensure proper transmission and distribution with minimum power loss. This arrangement is used for voltages upto 33 kV. Reactors are also used for power factor correction.
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6 shows bus-bar with sectionalisation where the bus has been divided into two sections. The function of these instrument transformers is to transfer voltages or currents in the power lines to values which are convenient for the operation of measuring instruments and relays. It may be located at the end of the main line or it may be have a peek at this site at a point away from main line route. Overhead line insulators are used to electrically separate the line conductors from each other and from supporting structures.
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The two 400V outgoing lines are connected to the bus bars through transformers (11kV/400 V) and circuit breakers. Therefore, they will not work satisfactorily if mounted directly on the power lines. (iii) Duplicate bus-bar system: This system consists of two bus-bars, a main bus-bar and a spare bus-bar. Once the fault is restored the circuit breaker can again make the circuit either manually or remotely. 5 shows single Busbar Arrangements in Substations. It is basically a type of automatic switch when the relay detects a fault condition it sets the circuit breaker into action and the circuit breaker has to break the circuit within minimum time, in order Web Site quickly eliminate the source of fault.
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The following are the important bus-bar arrangements used in sub-stations :(i) Single bus-bar system: As the name suggests, it consists of a single bus-bar and all the incoming and outgoing lines are connected to it. It generates electricity by converting mechanical energy of the prime mover into electrical form. 25. Hence the use of circuit breaker is essential. 25. Between the high voltage and ground terminal there is either air or a material of high resistance.
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(ii) Single bus-bar system with sectionalisation: In this arrangement, the single bus-bar is divided into sections and load is equally distributed on all the sections. There are several bus-bar arrangements that can be used in a sub-station. The measuring instruments and protective devices are designed for low voltages (generally 110 V) and currents (about 5 A). A substation can have more than one bus-bar housed in it. Fig. The two 66kV incoming lines can be connected to either bus-bar by a bus-bar coupler.
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. . A power transformer is used in a sub-station to step-up or step-down the voltage. .